Что такое Form Request?

// php artisan make:request CreateUserRequest
class CreateUserRequest extends FormRequest {
    public function authorize(): bool {
        return $this->user()->can('create', User::class);
    }

    public function rules(): array {
        return [
            'name'  => 'required|string|max:255',
            'email' => 'required|email|unique:users',
            'age'   => 'required|integer|min:18',
        ];
    }

    public function messages(): array {
        return ['email.unique' => 'Этот email уже занят'];
    }
}

// Контроллер
public function store(CreateUserRequest $request): JsonResponse {
    $validated = $request->validated(); // уже валидировано
    $user = User::create($validated);
    return response()->json($user, 201);
}